Computer Architecture and its types

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Computer Architecture

Computer Architecture comprises of various set of rules and functions according to which the computer works.The first Computer Architecture was proposed by Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace which describes the analytical engine.

There are several types of architecture classified on different basis. The three main categories are:

1. Instruction Set Architecture or ISA. The ISA defines the machine code that a processor reads and acts upon as well as the word size, memory address, registers, and data.


2. Microarchitecture, or computer organization describes how a particular processor will implement the ISA.


3. System Design includes all of the other hardware components within a computing system. These include:
   
   1. Data processing other than the CPU, such as Direct Memory Access (DMA)
   
   
   2. Other issues such as virtualization, multitasking, and software features
   
   

There are other notable types are Macro Architecture,Pin Architecture,Programmer Visible Macro architecture.

Computer Architecture is also classified into open and closed architecture.

1. Open Architecture:

Open architecture is a type of computer architecture or software architecture that is designed to make adding, upgrading and swapping components easy.

1. Closed Architecture:

Closed architecture is a type of computer architecture or software architecture in which adding, upgrading and swapping components is not easy.

The purpose that all computer architectures must serve is optimisation of all processes, reliability and makes sure that other factors don’t affect its performance.

A good computer architecture is designed such that factors that affect its purpose are well optimised since it’s difficult to construct an architecture for all applications.Some of the factors taken in consideration are latency,cost efficiency, power, performance, memory capacity, features,expandibility. These are optimised based on what is needed the most by trading off one factor for another. We increase the efficiency of something by decreasing the efficiency of anotherthing. So according to the demands the architecture is designed.

Author: A.Sarukrishna

E-mail: a.sarukrishna@gmail.com

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